Other F Period

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PROS:
Hydrogen Powered Energy:
  • Hydrogen is an energy carrier
    • high conversion efficiency
    • could take the place of fuels and everything they do
  • When used, will create very little pollution
  • Used as energy in the 1800's
  • Hope to begin creating an electric generation again
  • Emissions include:
    • water vapor
    • nitrogen oxides
  • Energy efficient
    • all energy used to make hydrogen will come from renewable sources by 2050
    • once made, easier to store than electricity
  • Safer than gasoline
    • disperses fast-- non- flammable
    • non toxic
    • only realistic alternative to the petrol engine
  • Iceland hopes to have an all hydrogen energy economy by 2050
  • In 2003, President George W. Bush a plan to give $1.3 billion (over 5 years) to decrease dependence on foreign countries for oil and also to improve air quality
    • hydrogen has the potential to break our reliance on oil for transportation
  • Coastal mud flats are hot spots of biological hydrogen production
  • hydrogen-fuel-cell.png
  • Diagram explaining the exchange from hydrogen to fuel used for numerous different things.


Geothermal Powered Energy:
  • Natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water to generate electricity and to heat and cool buildings directly
  • Power used is derived from Earth's internal heat
  • You can use geothermal water to heat homes, offices, and to melt snow off sidewalks and roads
  • The first geothermally generated electricity was in Italy in 1904
  • Steam reservoirs in very hotProxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 0water drive turbines linked to electricity generators
  • 3 types:
    • Dry steam
      • oldest form of geothermal technology
      • takes steam out of fractures in the ground and uses it to directly drive a turbine
    • Flash plants
      • pulls deep, high pressured, hot water into cooler, low pressure water
      • the steam that results from this process is used to drive the turbine
    • Binary plants
      • hot water is passed by a secondary fluid, which has a much lower boiling point than the hot water
      • the secondary fluid turns into vapor which drives the turbine
      • most power plants in the future will be binary plants
  • Geothermal energy is generated in over 20 countries, the United States being the world's largest producer
  • The exploitation and use of geothermal sources will save about 500,000 tons of fossil fuels, which is proportional to 10% of today's heating system
  • Price of electrical energy produced from geothermal springs is between 9.2 U.S. cents/ kilowatts/hour and 11.5 U.S. cents/ kilowatts/hour
  • daniel-graph-1.png
  • 7% of all energy used is used as Renewable Energy and of that 7% only 5% of the Renewable energy is Geothermal energy.

Tidal Powered Energy:
  • Depends on moon and sun and their gravitational pull
  • Can take kinetic energy and make electricity
  • chart24_RES-E_capacity.png
  • In 2008 only about 6 GW (giga watts) of energy used is Tidal Energy. By 2020 the projection of Tidal Energy used is closer to 37 GW, which is about 6 times as much as in 2008.


CONS:
Hydrogen Powered Energy:
  • Hard to make Hydrogen from scratch
    • Have to split water molecules
  • Fuel companies are not happy about hydrogen powered energy ideas
    • Will put most companies out of business
Geothermal Powered Energy:
  • Environmental Problems:
    • Hydrogen sulfide will be released into the atmosphere
      • Hydrogen sulfide smells like rotten eggs
    • Disposal of some geothermal fluids may contain low levels of toxic material
    • Eventually geothermal sites may cool down
Tidal Powered Energy:
  • Kinetic energy from tides will eventually slow the planet's spin
    • longer days by .0017 seconds/ century


Bibliography
Geothermal Energy Information, Geothermal Power Facts - National Geographic. (n.d.). Environment Facts, Environment Science, Global Warming, Natural Disasters, Ecosystems, Green Living - National Geographic. Retrieved January 29, 2010 from
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/geothermal-profile/
Jorgensen, Bo Barker. "Biochemistry: Space for Hydrogen." Nature 412.6844 (July 19, 2001) 286(4). Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources. Gale. Pace Academy. 27 Jan. 2010.
<http://find.galegroup.com/grnr/start.do?prodId=GRNR>.
Randerson, James. "The Clean Green Energy Dream." New Scientist 179.2408 (August 16, 2003) 8(4). Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources. Gale. Pace Academy. 27 Jan. 2010.
<http://find.galegroup.com/grnr/start.do?prodId=GRNR>.
http://www.biofuelswatch.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/hydrogen-fuel-cell.png
http://blog.hmns.org/wp-content/uploa ds/2010/01/daniel-graph-1.png
http://www.pickinglosers.com/files%2